Ecosystem-Based Forest Operations
Saliha Ünver
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Karadeniz Technical University - Department of Forest Engineering
Ecosystem-based forest operations means planning production and management activities with ecological processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem services in mind, alongside economic objectives. In this approach, the environmental effects of forest roads, harvesting methods, transport systems, and maintenance activities are part of the planning problem itself. Research in this area deals with the trade-off between short-term production targets and the preservation of ecosystem integrity.